CHUYÊN ĐỀ 22: KỸ NĂNG ĐỌC
- CLOZE TESTS
A cloze test consists a text passage with some certain word removed (cloze text), test taker must replace the missing words from the given options. Usually students are given four choices. One choice is the best answer. The second is almost as good. The third is off the point. The fourth is the opposite of the correct answer.
- First, slowly read all the text without filling any of the gaps. Read it two or three times until you have a clear understanding of what the text is about.
- Then only complete the gaps you are absolutely sure of.
- Next try and find out what the missing words in the remaining gaps are. See which part of speech may fit in each gap (article?, pronoun?, noun?, adverb?, adjective?, preposition?, conjunction?, verb?) and pay special attention to the grammar around the words in each gap.
Many of the gaps may include the following:
– preposition following a noun, adjective or verb. (Example: good at languages)
– prepositional phrase. (Example: in spite of )
– adverb. ( Example: He moved to London two years ago )
– connector. (Example: First, he arrives; then he sits down; finally, he leaves.)
– conjunction. (Example: Although he is five, he can speak five languages.
– auxiliary verb . (Example: He has won 2 matches)
– an article or some other kind of determiner. (Example: I have no time)
– a relative . (Example: Bob, who I met two years ago, is my best friend)
– a pronoun , either subject or object. (Example : it is difficult to know)
– is there a comparative or superlative involved? (Example: she’s taller than me)
- Some sentences may seem to be complete and contain gaps that appear to be unnecessary. If you find gaps like this, you will probably need the following:
– an adverb. (Example: He is always late)
– a modal verb . (Example: They can swim very well)
– a word to change the emphasis of the sentence: She’s good enough to be queen
– The problems are too difficult
- A few gaps may demand a vocabulary item consistent with the topic of the text; or a word which is part of an idiomatic expression (example: Good heavens!); or a word which collocates with another one (example: do a job); or a word which is part of a phrasal verb (example: I was held up by traffic).
SKILL I: ANSWER MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS CORRECTLY
MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS |
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HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION |
What is the topic of the passage? What is the subject of the passage? What is the main idea of the passage? What is the author’s main point in the passage? With what is the author primarily concerned? Which of the following would be the best title?
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WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER |
The answers to this type of question can generally be determined by looking at the first sentence of each paragraph.
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HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION |
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SKILL 2: RECOGNIZE THE ORGANIZATION OF IDEAS
ORGANIZATION OF IDEAS |
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HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION |
How is the information in the passage organized? How is the information in the second paragraph related to the information in the first paragraph?
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WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER |
The answer to this type of question can generally be determined by looking at the first sentence of the appropriate paragraphs |
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION |
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SKILL 3: ANSWER STATED DETAIL QUESTIONS CORRECTLY
STATED DETAIL QUESTIONS |
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HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION |
According to the passage… It is stated in the passage… The passage indicates that… Which of the following is true..? |
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER |
The answers to these questions are found in the passage. |
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION |
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SKILL 4: FIND “UNSTATED” DETAILS
“UNSTATED” DETAIL QUESTIONS |
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HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION |
Which of the following is not stated…? Which of the following is not mentioned…? Which of the following is not discussed…? All of the following are true except… |
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER |
The answers to these questions are found in order in the passage. |
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION |
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SKILL 5: FIND PRONOUN REFERENTS
PRONOUN REFERENTS |
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HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION |
The pronoun “…” in line X refers to which of the following? |
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER |
The line where the pronoun is located is given in the question. The noun that the pronoun refers to is generally found before the pronoun. |
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION |
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SKILL 6- ANSWER IMPLIED DETAIL QUESTIONS CORRECTLY
IMPLIED DETAIL QUESTIONS |
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HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION |
It is implied in the passage that ….. It can be inferred from the passage that …. It is most likely that …. What probably happened ….? |
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER |
The answers to these questions are generally found in order in the passage. |
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION |
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SKILL 7: ANSWER TRANSITION QUESTIONS CORRECTLY
TRANSITION QUESTIONS |
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HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION |
The paragraph preceding the passage probably … What is the most likely in the paragraph following the passage? |
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER |
The answers can generally be found in the first line of the passage for a preceding question. The answer can generally be found in the last line for a following question. |
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION |
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SKILL 8: FIND DEFINITIONS FROM STRUCTURAL CLUES
STRUCTURAL CLUES |
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HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION |
What is the meaning of “X” in line Y? The word “X” in line Y is closest in meaning to… The word “X” in line Y could best to replaced by… |
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TYPES OF CLUES |
Punctuation |
comma, parentheses, dashes |
Restatement |
or, that is, in other words, i.e. |
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Examples |
such as, for example, e.g. |
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WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER |
Information to help you determine what something means will generally be found the punctuation clue, the restatement clue, or the example clue. |
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HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION |
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SKILL 9: DETERMINE MEANINGS FROM WORD PARTS
When you are asked to determine the meaning of a long word that you do not know in the reading sec The following chart contains a few word parts that you will need to know.
A SHORT LIST OF WORD PARTS |
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PART |
MEANING |
EXAMPLE |
PART |
MEANING |
EXAMPLE |
CONTRA |
(against) |
contrast |
DIC |
(say) |
dictate |
MAL |
(bad) |
malcontent |
DOMIN |
(master) |
dominant |
MIS |
(error) |
mistake |
JUD |
(judge) |
judgment |
SUB |
(under) |
subway |
MOR |
(death) |
mortal |
DEC |
(ten) |
decade |
SPEC |
(see) |
spectator |
MULTI |
(many) |
multiple |
TERR |
(earth) |
territory |
SOL |
(one) |
solo |
VER |
(turn) |
divert |
TRI |
(three) |
triple |
VIV |
(live) |
revive |
SKILL 10: USE CONTEXT TO DETERMINE MEANINGS OF DIFFICULT WORDS
VOCABULARY QUESTIONS CONTAINING DIFFICULT WORDS |
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HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION |
What is the meaning of “X” in line Y? The word “X” in line Y is closest in meaning to…. |
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER |
Information to help you understand the meaning of an unknown word can often be found in the context surrounding the unknown word. |
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION |
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SKILL 11: USE CONTEXT TO DETERMINE MEANINGS OF SIMPLE WORDS
VOCABULARY QUESTIONS CONTAINING SIMPLE WORDS |
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HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION |
What is the meaning of “X” in line Y? The word “X” in line Y could best to replaced by…. |
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER |
Information to help you understand the secondary meaning of a simple word can often be found in the context surrounding the word. |
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION |
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SKILL 12: DETERMINE WHERE SPECIFIC INFORMATION IS FOUND
QUESTIONS ABOUT WHERE IN THE PASSAGE |
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HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION |
Where in the passage…..? |
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER |
The answer can be in any of the lines listed in the answers to the question. |
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION |
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SKILL 13: DETERMINE THE TONE, PURPOSE, OR COURSE
TONE, PURPOSE, OR COURSE |
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HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION |
What is the tone of the passage? What is the author’s purpose in this passage? In which course would this reading be assigned |
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WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER |
tone |
Look for clues throughout the passage that show if the author is showing some emotion rather than just pressing facts. |
purpose |
Draw a conclusion about the purpose from the main idea and supporting ideas. |
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course |
Draw a conclusion about the course from the topic of the passage and the supporting ideas. |
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HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION |
Tone |
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Purpose |
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course |
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