CHUYÊN ĐỀ 22: KỸ NĂNG ĐỌC (READING SKILLS)

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CHUYÊN ĐỀ 22: KỸ NĂNG ĐỌC

CLOZE TESTS

A cloze test consists a text passage with some certain word removed (cloze text), test taker must replace the missing words from the given options. Usually students are given four choices. One choice is the best answer. The second is almost as good. The third is off the point. The fourth is the opposite of the correct answer.

First, slowly read all the text without filling any of the gaps. Read it two or three times until you have a clear understanding of what the text is about.
Then only complete the gaps you are absolutely sure of.
Next try and find out what the missing words in the remaining gaps are. See which part of speech may fit in each gap (article?, pronoun?, noun?, adverb?, adjective?, preposition?, conjunction?, verb?) and pay special attention to the grammar around the words in each gap.

Many of the gaps may include the following:

– preposition following a noun, adjective or verb. (Example: good at languages)

– prepositional phrase. (Example: in spite of )

– adverb. ( Example: He moved to London two years ago )

– connector. (Example: First, he arrives; then he sits down; finally, he leaves.)

– conjunction. (Example: Although he is five, he can speak five languages.

– auxiliary verb . (Example: He has won 2 matches)

– an article or some other kind of determiner. (Example: I have no time)

– a relative . (Example: Bob, who I met two years ago, is my best friend)

– a pronoun , either subject or object. (Example : it is difficult to know)

– is there a comparative or superlative involved? (Example: she’s taller than me)

Some sentences may seem to be complete and contain gaps that appear to be unnecessary. If you find gaps like this, you will probably need the following:

– an adverb. (Example: He is always late)

– a modal verb . (Example: They can swim very well)

– a word to change the emphasis of the sentence: She’s good enough to be queen

– The problems are too difficult

A few gaps may demand a vocabulary item consistent with the topic of the text; or a word which is part of an idiomatic expression (example: Good heavens!); or a word which collocates with another one (example: do a job); or a word which is part of a phrasal verb (example: I was held up by traffic).

SKILL I: ANSWER MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS CORRECTLY

MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS
HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION	What is the topic of the passage? What is the subject of the passage? What is the main idea of the passage? What is the author’s main point in the passage? With what is the author primarily concerned? Which of the following would be the best title?
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER	The answers to this type of question can generally be determined by looking at the first sentence of each paragraph.
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION	Read the first line of each paragraph. Look for a common theme or idea in the first lines. Pass your eyes quickly over the rest of the passage to check that you have really found the topic sentence(s). Eliminate any definitely wrong answers and choose the best answer from the remaining choices.

SKILL 2: RECOGNIZE THE ORGANIZATION OF IDEAS

ORGANIZATION OF IDEAS

HOW TO IDENTIFY THE

QUESTION

How is the information in the passage organized?

How is the information in the second paragraph related to the information in the first paragraph?

WHERE TO FIND THE

ANSWER

The answer to this type of question can generally be determined by looking at the first sentence of the appropriate paragraphs

HOW TO ANSWER THE

QUESTION

Read the first line of each paragraph
Look for words that show the relationship between the paragraphsp
Choose the answer that best expresses the relationship

SKILL 3: ANSWER STATED DETAIL QUESTIONS CORRECTLY

STATED DETAIL QUESTIONS
HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION	According to the passage… It is stated in the passage… The passage indicates that… Which of the following is true..?
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER	The answers to these questions are found in the passage.
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION	Choose a key word in the question. Skim in the appropriate part of the passage for the key word or idea. Read the sentence that contains the key word or idea carefully. Eliminate the definitely wrong answers and choose the best answer from the remaining choices.

SKILL 4: FIND “UNSTATED” DETAILS

“UNSTATED” DETAIL QUESTIONS
HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION	Which of the following is not stated…? Which of the following is not mentioned…? Which of the following is not discussed…? All of the following are true except…
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER	The answers to these questions are found in order in the passage.
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION	Choose a key word in the question. Scan the appropriate place in the passage for the key word (or related idea). Read the sentence that contains the key word or idea carefully. Look for the answers that are definitely true according to the passage. Eliminate those answers. Choose the answer that is not true or not discussed in the passage.

SKILL 5: FIND PRONOUN REFERENTS

PRONOUN REFERENTS
HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION	The pronoun “…” in line X refers to which of the following?
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER	The line where the pronoun is located is given in the question. The noun that the pronoun refers to is generally found before the pronoun.
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION	Locate the pronoun in the passage. Look before the pronoun for nouns that agree with the pronoun. Try each of the nouns in the context in place of the pronoun. Eliminate any definitely wrong answers and choose the best answer from the remaining choices.

SKILL 6- ANSWER IMPLIED DETAIL QUESTIONS CORRECTLY

IMPLIED DETAIL QUESTIONS
HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION	It is implied in the passage that ….. It can be inferred from the passage that …. It is most likely that …. What probably happened ….?
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER	The answers to these questions are generally found in order in the passage.
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION	Choose a key word in the question Scan the passage for the key word (or a related idea) Carefully read the sentence that contains the key word Look for an answer that could be true, according to that sentence

SKILL 7: ANSWER TRANSITION QUESTIONS CORRECTLY

TRANSITION QUESTIONS
HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION	The paragraph preceding the passage probably … What is the most likely in the paragraph following the passage?
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER	The answers can generally be found in the first line of the passage for a preceding question. The answer can generally be found in the last line for a following question.
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION	Read the first line for a preceding question. Read the last line for a following question. Draw a conclusion about what comes before or after. Choose the answer that is reflected in the first or last line of the passage.

SKILL 8: FIND DEFINITIONS FROM STRUCTURAL CLUES

STRUCTURAL CLUES
HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION	What is the meaning of “X” in line Y? The word “X” in line Y is closest in meaning to… The word “X” in line Y could best to replaced by…
TYPES OF CLUES	Punctuation	comma, parentheses, dashes
	Restatement	or, that is, in other words, i.e.
	Examples	such as, for example, e.g.
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER	Information to help you determine what something means will generally be found the punctuation clue, the restatement clue, or the example clue.
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION	Find the word in the passage. Locate any structural clues. Read the part of the passage after the structural clue carefully. Eliminate any definitely wrong answers and choose the best answer from the remaining choices.

SKILL 9: DETERMINE MEANINGS FROM WORD PARTS

When you are asked to determine the meaning of a long word that you do not know in the reading sec The following chart contains a few word parts that you will need to know.

A SHORT LIST OF WORD PARTS
PART	MEANING	EXAMPLE	PART	MEANING	EXAMPLE
CONTRA	(against)	contrast	DIC	(say)	dictate
MAL	(bad)	malcontent	DOMIN	(master)	dominant
MIS	(error)	mistake	JUD	(judge)	judgment
SUB	(under)	subway	MOR	(death)	mortal
DEC	(ten)	decade	SPEC	(see)	spectator
MULTI	(many)	multiple	TERR	(earth)	territory
SOL	(one)	solo	VER	(turn)	divert
TRI	(three)	triple	VIV	(live)	revive

SKILL 10: USE CONTEXT TO DETERMINE MEANINGS OF DIFFICULT WORDS

VOCABULARY QUESTIONS CONTAINING DIFFICULT WORDS
HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION	What is the meaning of “X” in line Y? The word “X” in line Y is closest in meaning to….
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER	Information to help you understand the meaning of an unknown word can often be found in the context surrounding the unknown word.
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION	Find the word in the passage. Read the sentence that contains the word carefully. Look for context clues to help you understand the meaning. Choose the answer that the context indicates.

SKILL 11: USE CONTEXT TO DETERMINE MEANINGS OF SIMPLE WORDS

VOCABULARY QUESTIONS CONTAINING SIMPLE WORDS
HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION	What is the meaning of “X” in line Y? The word “X” in line Y could best to replaced by….
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER	Information to help you understand the secondary meaning of a simple word can often be found in the context surrounding the word.
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION	Find the word in the passage. Read the sentence that contains the word carefully. Look for context clues to help you understand the meaning. Choose the answer that the context indicates.

SKILL 12: DETERMINE WHERE SPECIFIC INFORMATION IS FOUND

QUESTIONS ABOUT WHERE IN THE PASSAGE
HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION	Where in the passage…..?
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER	The answer can be in any of the lines listed in the answers to the question.
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION	Choose a key word or idea in the question. Skim the appropriate part(s) of the passage looking for the key word or idea. Choose the answer that contains the key word or idea.

SKILL 13: DETERMINE THE TONE, PURPOSE, OR COURSE

TONE, PURPOSE, OR COURSE
HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION	What is the tone of the passage? What is the author’s purpose in this passage? In which course would this reading be assigned
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER	tone	Look for clues throughout the passage that show if the author is showing some emotion rather than just pressing facts.
	purpose	Draw a conclusion about the purpose from the main idea and supporting ideas.
	course	Draw a conclusion about the course from the topic of the passage and the supporting ideas.
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION	Tone	Skim the passage looking for clues that the author is showing some emotion. Choose the answer that identifies the emotion.
	Purpose	Study the main idea in the topic sentence and the details used to support the main idea. Draw a conclusion about the purpose.
	course	Study the main idea in the topic sentence and the details used to support the main idea. Draw a conclusion about the course.

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